Teen Suicide Causes And Effects - 2454 Words

Teen Suicide is a big problem around the world where it is causing Teens/Kids to kill themselves or harm themselves in some type of way. Don’t you ever just wonder why they wanna kill themselves ? or like how their Parents or closest Friends would react if they found out there Daughter/Son or Friend is found lifeless in their own house and there only at the age of 12 - 19 ? There are so many questions that everybody wants to get answered from the Teen that decides to take there own life . Over the past 45 years the Global rate of Teenage Suicide has increased by 60%. Everybody wants to know solutions about how to stop the Suicidal percentage going up and how to stop their Teens to become suicidal. This Research paper will tell you about Teen suicide’s History/Background , The causes and effects, and also solutions to ending this Deadliness massacre that is the most reasons why people take there own life. Everybody wants to know what causes Teen Suicide well According t o â€Å"Livestrong ‘Causes of Teen Suicide’† Teens may have been a victim of Physical abuse or Sexual abuse . Also many other reasons that teens may be depressed is that they can be suffering from a reflection of their parents divorce. What Teen suicide causes to them is that they can be addicted to Drug Or Alcohol which leads to impulsive behavior, Teen’s go through Stress, Confusion, Depression, and they go through a Vulnerable Period. There is more causes of suicide that can be researched and the causes youShow MoreRelatedThe Cause And Effect Of The Teen Suicide Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesTeen suicide is a big problem all around the world, and we try to prevent it by offering help, and medications for whatever these teens are going through. What you may or may not know is that although we do offer help, these teens who are suicidal face negative criticism which sometimes pushes them to do something drastic. What I would like to accomplish with my paper would be to give my audience, not only a better understanding of some of the causes and effects of being suicidal, but also explainRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of Teen Suicide599 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween the ages 15-25 years tries to kill themselves every year; 5000 succeed. The most common causes? Stress, bullying, failed relationships, abuse, and failures at studies. Teenage suicide is wrong, it indicates how ruthless today’s society is, and it proves that sometimes, teenagers feel like they can’t be understood or accepted, that they don’t have an adult or close friend to consult to. Teenage suicide is truly sad, to even think that someone feels the absolute need to end their life because thereRead MoreEssay about Teen Suicide916 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems on a daily basis. When they are unable to deal with those daily hassles, serious problems can develop within the teen that can ultimately lead to resulting effects including depression or even suicide. Suicide in teens is one of the most traumatic and problematic issues that we face today in not only adults but many adolescents as well. Today suicide is one of the top causes for death in teenagers, out shadowed only by homicides and accidents. Some of the top â€Å"accidents† include drug overdosesRead MoreInformative Speech - Teen Suicide Essay854 Words    |  4 PagesInformative speech; teen suicide. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: Today I will be discussing the topic of teen suicide. Central Idea: Teen suicide is a growing health concern in the US as it is the third leading cause of death among young people [Linn-Gust, 2001]. Thesis: In order to better understand teen suicide, it is important to explore the causes of teen suicide, what are the symptoms and/or signs, and what can be done to prevent teen suicide. OrganizationalRead MorePreveting Teen Suicide823 Words   |  3 Pageseverything goes black. Suicide is the third cause of death in teens. It takes about 35,000 lives each year, almost 11 million people have tried to take their lives. Suicide can be triggered by many things, this action has many effects but can be solved with some simple steps. Suicide can be triggered by many actions. To start off with , suicide can be caused by many different feelings. Feelings of guilt, shame, anger, rejection or loss can cause suicide. According to D’Arcy LynessRead MoreJosee Young . Eng Iv B 1St Hr. May 19, 2017. Suicide1564 Words   |  7 Pages Eng IV B 1st hr May 19, 2017 Suicide One of the questions sociologists have attempted to answer is. â€Å" What drives people to commit suicide? Most teens who have been interviewed after a suicide attempt say that what causes teen suicide are feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Suicide is when a person end his or her own life. Studies show that at least 90% of teens who kill themselves have some type of mental health problem, such as depressionRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Suicide1609 Words   |  7 PagesTeen suicide is one of the largest problems facing America at the moment, and it will only become worse if the country does not come up with a solution. â€Å"According to the American Psychiatric Association, suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age (Teen Suicide).† American families can not keep losing sons and daughters to this entirely preventable epidemic. The largest issue with teen suicide is that Americans are using largely outdatedRe ad MoreTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn t It? If You Only Knew?1158 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn’t It? If You Only Knew †¦ According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, suicide is a noun defined as the act of taking your own life because you do not want to continue living. Teenage is a noun defined as relating to people who are between thirteen and nineteen years old (Merriam-Webster). Several factors can lead to a teenager making the decision to commit suicide. When it does happen or an attempt is made, it can be very difficult to pinpoint the reason(s). TeensRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesanother man without Clementi’s knowledge, Clementi committed suicide. The actual definition of suicide is â€Å"the action of killing oneself intentionally†. The act of suicide is a serious matter, and is particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. The best way to prevent teen suicide is through informing people of its existence, and educating them on the warning signs and prevention methods. In this essay I will explain why suicide is a major public health problem throug h statistics, show theRead MoreSocial Media Has Taken The World By Storm933 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions and introduces a world entered using only the touch of a finger. It is estimated that 69% of teens, aged 12 to 18, own their own computer and/or smartphone and 80% of those teens are active on one or more social media sites (Laird, 2012). Thus, a good portion of this generation’s social and emotional development is occurring while engaged on social media. We don’t always know if what teens are accessing are influencing them more positively or negatively, but what we do know is that teenagers

Rhetorical Analysis Essay - 843 Words

Joyner Crane 9 /10/2014 EH 101-BD Many people in today’s society tend to believe that a good education is the fastest way to move up the ladder in their chosen. People believe that those who seek further education at a college or university are more intelligent. Indeed, a college education is a basic requirement for many white collar, and some blue collar, jobs. In an effort to persuade his audience that intelligence cannot be measured by the amount of education a person has Mike Rose wrote an article entitled â€Å"Blue Collar Brilliance†. The article that appeared in the American Scholar, a quarterly literary magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, established in 1932. The American Scholar audience includes, Company’s , Employees,†¦show more content†¦The reader can also understand that the article was written to persuade the reader that intelligence cannot be defined by the amount of education a person has received. In the article, Rose use many emotional personal examples to help the reader understand the amount of hard work and intelligence a blue collar job requires. Rose creates a personal connection with the reader by describing his first-hand experience of growing up watching his mother put her heart and soul into being a waitress in a restaurant. Rose says, â€Å"She described the way she memorized who ordered what, how long each dish is supposed to take to prepare, and how she became a pro at meeting the emotional needs of her customers and colleagues alike.† From the quote in the article the reader understand that Roses mother was required to have a high level of intelligence in order to meet the needs of her customers and colleagues alike in order to do her job proficiently. Rose uses emotion in this quote to make the reader relate to his mother and understand that she was a hard worker and did everything in her power to do whatever it took in order to hopefully receive a tip t hat would be used to support her family. Rose also says, â€Å"I couldn’t have put it in words when I was growing up, but what I observed in my mother’s restaurant defined the world of adults, a place where competence was synonymous with physical work†. Rose uses in this quote to relate that his mother’s jobShow MoreRelatedThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Throughout The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell explains to his reader his ideas about drastic changes in society, and how they seem to occur so rapidly. In this particular selection, Gladwell emphasizes the purpose of â€Å"connectors†, saying that they have a â€Å"special gift for bringing the world together (page 38)†. Gladwell states that part of the reason information or trends spread like wildfire is the presence of a specific group of people. They are called â€Å"connecters†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Death Of The Moth And On Keeping A Notebook 1427 Words   |  6 Pages19, September, 2014 9th Ni Device Use Analysis Rhetoric devices are often used by writers to clarify ideas, emphasize key points, or relate insights to the reader. In both â€Å"The Death of the Moth† and â€Å"On Keeping A Notebook, † the authors heavily rely on such devices to get their points across to the audience, and these devices help strengthen overall theme the authors want to communicate. Though several may argue that Didion’s use of metaphor and rhetorical question compliment her essay very wellRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Reagans Farewell Address1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Usage of Rhetoric in Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"Farewell Address† Due to the rapidly changing America, in his farewell address, Ronald Reagan expresses the need for unification of America, and America’s culture. In Reagan’s address, he uses many rhetorical devices to advance his purpose of unifying America, for instance, Reagan utilizes tone, syntax, and pathos to portray his pride, hopefulness, and patriotism for America. He uses these devices to show Americans of the unification America needs. ThroughoutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Lesson In Hbos The Newsroom715 Words   |  3 Pagesis even used in classrooms for the powerful rhetoric that is used in it. In Will McAvoy’s speech on â€Å"The Newsroom†, McAvoy uses a variety of rhetorical devices such as Anthypophora, Asyndeton, and Dysphemism to convey the message that America is not the greatest country in the world anymore. First, Anthypophora is one of the three most effective rhetorical devices used in this powerful speech. Anthypophora is when the speaker asks a question, but instead of letting someone answer, the speaker immediatelyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ellen DeGeneress Commencement Speech Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Ellen’s Commencement Speech Rhetorical Analysis Graduation caps fly into the air, cheers erupt, and diplomas are received. This is a typical graduation day. Not only did these ceremonial events take place for Tulane Universitys class of 2009, but Ellen DeGeneres was there to congratulate them as well! This class was dubbed the Katrina Class for being survivors of the devastating Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Katrina was named one of the deadliest Hurricanes, causing more than 1,836Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation? In all of the speeches, one way or another, Dr. King used several different rhetorical devices in order to defend his own actions. In specific, two of his speeches, â€Å"I have a Dream† and â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. King used the rhetorical devices of anaphora, allusion, and diction to relay his thoughts of what is right, and also as a way to build a common ground with his audience. Though the rhetorical devices are share d between the two speeches, there are also several differences.Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Andrew Sinek s Ted Presentation1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstock that s going in the opposite direction—down—from the most desired direction—up. This is a provocative opening that engages the audience right away. 2. Ask a series of rhetorical questions. A common way to engage the audience at the start is to ask a rhetorical question. Better still, start with a series of rhetorical questions. A good example of this tactic is Simon Sinek s TED presentation. He starts with: How do you explain when things don t go as we assumed? Or better, how do you explainRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond Do What You Love 1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn his New York Times article â€Å"A Life Beyond Do What You Love† Gordon Marino poses the question But is do what you love wisdom or malarkey? after giving us an anecdote about students coming to him for career advice. The article which uses many rhetorical devices which make the audience think about their choices in careers and what you should and want to do. The author also cites different sources for his article and past life experiences. Marino then end his article by saying many great leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond D o What You Love Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagesuse of rhetorical devices. Dr. Marino is a very highly educated philosopher who earned his Ph.D. at University of Chicago, M.A. university of Pennsylvania, and B.A. Columbia University. He typically publishes to the New York Times, for his writing mostly appeals to all people because so many can relate to this article. Marino effectively argues that sometimes individuals must sacrifice their passions to provide for their loved ones using rhetorical devices, hypophora, anecdote, rhetorical questionsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Rhetorical And Rhetorical Analysis1188 Words   |  5 Pages1. Rhetorical Analysis is the careful examination of texts, videos, and images to understand how they function in conveying their message. The definition of rhetorical analysis will help me better understand what I should be looking for when I receive a text, as rhetorical analysis is different than literary analysis. Therefore, the devices for each are also different (Lunsford et al. 88). 2. Intended audience is the initial step to any rhetorical analysis. If you are unable to identify an audience

Female Skeletal Maturation Evaluation Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Abstraction: The purpose of this survey was to look into the interrelatednesss between skeletal adulthood indexs of manus carpus radiogram, inframaxillary eyetooth calcification phases and cervical vertebrae ripening as seen on orthopantomograph and sidelong cephalogram and besides to correlate them with chronological age. The samples were derived from dental panoramic, sidelong cephalogram and hand-wrist radiogram of 173 female topics. The CVM was assessed utilizing the method developed by Julian vocalist, the hand-wrist ripening was assessed utilizing the method developed by Fishman and Calcification of the inframaxillary eyetooths was rated harmonizing to the system of Demirjian. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Skeletal Maturation Evaluation Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Statistical analysis of the information was performed with computing machine package and the interrelatedness between all the three methods was analyzed utilizing â€Å" qi † square trial. Based on the recorded information from the present survey the undermentioned decisions possibly drawn: Phase II of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage III of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase G of eyetooth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Cardinal Wordss: Cervical vertebral ripening ; Hand-wrist ripening ; Skeletal adulthood ; Chronological age. Introduction Biologic age, skeletal age, bone age, and skeletal ripening are about synonymous footings used to depict the phases of ripening of a individual. Sexual ripening features, chronologic age, dental development, tallness, weight, and skeletal development are some of the more common means that have been used to place phases of growing. Because of single fluctuations on timing, continuance and speed of growing, skeletal age appraisal is indispensable in explicating feasible orthodontic intervention plans.1 To maximise the curative consequence, unluckily a low correlativity has been found between general skeletal adulthood and facial growing as measured by common parameters.2 The standard method of measuring skeletal adulthood has been to utilize a manus carpus radiogram to compare the castanetss of an person ‘s hand.3-5 To avoid taking an extra X ray, nevertheless, some research workers have sought to associate ripening with dental and skeletal characteristics other than the castanet ss in the manus wrist.2 Lamparski in 1972 found that cervical vertebrae, as seen on everyday sidelong cephalogram were as statistically and clinically dependable in measuring skeletal age as handwrist technique.2 A ; 6 Dental development indexs are non dependable forecasters of an person ‘s phase of skeletal development.7-18 Because there is broad fluctuation among persons in the timing of the pubertal growing jet, chronologic age can non besides be used in the rating of adolescent growth.19-25,35 Skeletal adulthood is influenced in each person by a combination of familial and environmental factors. The ossification sequence and timing of the skeletal adulthood within the hand-wrist country show polymorphism and sexual dimorphism, which can restrict their clinical prognostic use.26-32, 36 MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was derived from pre intervention orthopantomograph, sidelong cephalogram and manus wrist radiogram of 173 female patients from the section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. The topics were seeking orthodontic intervention and were representatives of the general population that might be expected to profit from the consequences of this probe. A sum of 173 patients aged from 8-15 old ages were taken and they were chronologically divided into 8 groups, each dwelling of minimal 20 topics. All the patients included in the survey were females. A sidelong cephalogram, orthopantomograph and manus carpus radiogram taken on the same twenty-four hours were used for this survey. All the radiogram were taken with same x-ray equipment at the same distance and strength. The records were evaluated by the same operator. Skeletal adulthood indexs were assessed from the manus carpus radiogram by Julian Singer ‘s standards. Skeletal adulthood indexs assessed were the ossification phases of 2nd figure proximal phalanx, 3rd figure center and distal phalanx, the ossification of adductor sesamoid and ossification of maulerss of unciform bone, pisiform, ulna and radius. Calcification phases of inframaxillary eyetooth were determined from the orthopantomographs based on Demirijians phases of tooth calcification. Cervical vertebrae ripening of the sample were evaluated by the Hassel A ; Farman alteration of Lamparski ‘s standards, which assesses maturational alterations of the II, III and IV cervical vertebrae. Radiographs of each patient were analyzed by utilizing computing machine, Scanner and Printer. The radiogram were ab initio scanned image of these radiograms as seen on the computing machine proctor was analyzed and a printout of the same was taken on the DTP paper through the Laser pressman. The illation of each was mentioned on the printouts along with patients name, age and sex. After obtaining the above mentioned printouts, comparing and correlativity of the three different methods and with the chronological age was evaluated subsequently. Consequences The interrelatedness between the manus carpus radiogram, laniary calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening were analyzed statistically by â€Å" qis † square analysis and the undermentioned consequences were obtained. The frequence of happening of skeletal adulthood indexs with laniary calcification phases are: Hand carpus OPG Percentage Stage – I ( Early ) Stage – Tocopherol 47 % Stage – II ( Pre pubertal ) Stage – F 70 % Stage – III ( Pubertal Onset ) Stage – Gram 73 % Stage – IV ( Pubertal ) Stage – Gram 53 % Stage – V ( Pubertal Deceleration ) Stage – Hydrogen 75 % Stage – VI ( Growth Completion ) Stage – Hydrogen 68 % The frequence of happening of skeletal adulthood indexs with cervical vertebrae ripening phases are: Hand carpus Lateral Ceph. Percentage Stage – I ( Early ) Stage – I 58 % Stage – II ( Pre pubertal ) Stage – Two 60 % Stage – III A ; IV ( Pubertal Onset A ; pubertal ) Stage – Three 71 % A ; 72 % Stage – V ( Pubertal Deceleration ) Stage – Four 52 % Stage – VI ( Growth Completion ) Stage – Volt 71 % The frequence of happening of cervical vertebrae ripening phases with laniary calcification phases are: Lateral Ceph. OPG Percentage Stage – I ( Initiation ) Stage – Tocopherol 47 % Stage – II ( Acceleration ) Stage – F 58 % Stage – III ( Transition ) Stage – Gram 63 % Stage – IV, V A ; VI ( Deceleration, ripening A ; completion ) Stage – Hydrogen 61, 95 A ; 50 % Discussion The growing factor is a critical variable in orthodontic intervention. A intervention program can change from orthognathic surgery to extraction of dentitions to non extraction of dentitions, depending on the growing factor. Genetic and racial diverseness and other environmental influences have a pronounced consequence on the rate of development of the prepubertal and pubertal growing of the kid. A more accurate appraisal of the physiologic development can be made by utilizing radiographic scrutiny of the calcified constructions in the manus wrist.21 Numerous efforts has been made in the yesteryear to measure the dental age by finding either the figure of teeth nowadays in the unwritten pit or by surveies based on calcification of multiple dentition. Given the good established relationship between skeletal and bodily adulthood, phases of inframaxillary eyetooth calcification can be used as ca foremost level diagnostic tool to gauge the dental age. This tooth in peculiar has enjoyed e qual importance, since its phases of calcification provide a readily recognizable indicant of the adulthood position in an individual.27 Relationship between the phases of tooth mineralization of inframaxillary eyetooth appears to co-relate better with ossification phases than the other dentition. On the other manus the usage of cervical vertebrae to find skeletal adulthood is non new. The maturational alterations of cervical vertebrae as seen on sidelong cephalogram are clinically dependable in measuring skeletal age. Knowledge of these phases of ripening that a kid has attained aids in measuring his/her patterned advance through developmental position. This information bears great clinical importance in placing the optimum clip for prompt orthodontic direction of child.14 The intent of this survey was to supply the orthodontist with an extra tool to assist find growing potency in the adolescent patient. This was o be accomplished by utilizing anatomic alterations of the cervical vertebrae observed on the sidelong cephalogram and eyetooth calcification phases as seen on the OPG. By utilizing routinely taken diagnostic radiogram the orthodontist would hold a dependable diagnostic tool to assistance in explicating intervention options. The present survey investigated the relationship between the skeletal adulthood indexs in manus carpus radiogram, laniary calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening phases. The survey besides compared the relationship between chronological age and assorted skeletal adulthood indexs. This survey consists of 173 female topics with the age group runing from 8-15 old ages, and the undermentioned findings were obtained phase II of manus carpus radiogram coincided with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. These findings were in conformity with the survey conducted by Sandra Coutinho.10 On the other manus the relationship with cervical vertebrae ripening were in conformity with the survey conducted by Hassel and Farman in which phase II is in correlativity with skeletal adulthood indexs like breadth of epiphysis is every bit broad as shaft of 5th finger in-between phalynx. Stage III of handwrist radiogram coincides with phase G of eyeto oth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Canine calcification findings were in understanding with the surveies conducted by Chertkow and Fatti.12 Decision Based on the recorded information from the present survey the undermentioned decisions can be made. Stage II of manus carpus radiogram coincided with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage III of handwrist radiogram coincides with phase G of eyetooth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. The ability to accurately measure skeletal adulthood from inframaxillary eyetooth calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening, without the demand for extra radiogram, has the potency to better orthodontic diagnostic and curative determinations. The techniques simpleness and easiness of usage should promote these methods as first degree diagnostic tool to measure skeletal adulthood. How to cite Female Skeletal Maturation Evaluation Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Setting up a New Business Entrepreneurs Planning

Question: Describe about the Setting up a New Business for Entrepreneurs Planning. Answer: In todays world, all the aiming entrepreneurs are planning their way to start a business as no business can be planned to get started without an idea in mind. It is a journey that needs a lot of hard work as many people fail starting up a business of their own[1]. In order to set up a business a person may face various challenges that would not have been otherwise faced if a person works for someone else. It includes finance management, hiring of staff and doing research of the relevant market[2]. One day I got a chance to meet a lady, after conversing with whom I got to know that she is a bit confused related to starting up a business. As she was running a business of providing aloevera products to people which she started as a result of an incident which happened 2 years back I her house only. Her mother-in-law was bedridden and had a knee problem because of which she was not able to move although she went through a operation but no result came. One day somebody told her to apply aloevera which gave positive result in some months as a result of which she started walking in few months from one place to another in her house. So the lady thought to help others so that they can also get benefit of a natural medicine. Finally she started selling aloevera made products which are now helping people drastically. Part- 1 (Questions with Clients Answer) 1: What business you want to invest your money into. You will continue to work as a sole trader or you want to go for opening up of a company? As from last two years I have been working as a sole trader and doing this business from home. I would like to set up a company of my own. Which I am planning to widen by opening a company and stop doing the work from home as it is now impossible for me to take care of home and business solely as my family is expanding. But I am a little confused as to how to give it a start. 2: Do you think your business will survive in the market where there are already so many ayurvedic or such type of items being sold your business will survive? Yes, because my business is not like other businesses. I am not advertising my products to be sold or hiring celebrities to advertise my products. My products are being sold by mouth to mouth advertising as a result of which it bear less cost on advertisement. I only want to open a company my work is already earning well from home I only am expanding the same. My old customers are my celebrities who are getting me more people not by simply telling people to buy but doing that because they used my products and have seen results of the same. 3: As per your consideration or knowledge what do you understand by forming a company? Do you think it is easy to enter into formation of a company when you are a sole trader? Yes, and I know it is not easy to own a company when you have been working as a sole trader as different regulation will apply if a sole trader wants to go for formation of a company. 4: Apart from companies dont you want to invest your company in any other structure of business which prevails in industry? I am aware that there are four structures basically that should be kept in mind. Therefore, I have a scope and option as to which form to adopt in order to set up a business. As my past experience with trusts have been bad so I would not go for trusts anymore and as I have been doing my business solely as a sole trader so now I want to invest my money and want to expand my business by opening up a company. 5: Do you know what is the legal process to be followed in order to formation of a company and get a company registered? As per the Australian Securities Investments Commission there is a INFO 61 i.e. the information sheet which sets out different steps which are to be followed in order to form a company. 6: In which type of company would you plan to invest? Either in a Public Company or a Private Company? I would like to invest in a Public Company. There are major differences which are seen in both the companies. 7:What about going for a Partnership or Joint Venture. Why dont you go for any of these? There is nothing like why. I know that Partnership as I told you earlier is a good form of business where you can form a arrangement between other person and work in order to earn profit and also it might be possible that the other person have a expertise knowledge about anything which can help you building up your business or can take your work to different level on which you spare less time and energy and earn more in less time. 8: As you know so much about what is a company and Partnership and Joint Venture. So now do you think to change your mind and go for a partnership or a Joint Venture. Yes, I will think about it. Therefore, I will give it a thought and have a stdy as to what type will suit my requirements to form a business. 9: Now are you satisfied with whatever we discussed in regard to setting up a business? Yes, to some extent as by discussing the things look different and in books they are different. So I will surely read all the regulations properly and then make my decision as to what type of business I will enter into. 10: Do you know that before entering into business with anyone you should have a legal contract? Yes and there are some specific points which should be kept in mind before doing or entering into contract with other person. Part II (Relevant Law) As per the discussion with the client, certain observations were made and also a brief comparison between three business structures have been discussed in order to make client understand that what suits the client better. The business idea of the client have been understood with the current market scenario and development in market. It was clearly seen and observed that: Client has Clear thinking as to the business idea which she wants to pursue. She hasLimited funds to invest with the view to earn more profits. She is to some extent ready to take risk but is adamoned in payment of debts from her persona; eanings. she is interested in going for company but wants to think again by studying deeply the regulations in regard to partnership and joint venture. The best business structure according to client is to form a company under Corporation Act, 2001.A company is described as an organization of people who work for earning profit and achieving the desired goal under law and also have a separate legal entity from the people who are working inside it or who put their money in it. Investors invest huge amounts in companies for which they earn dividends. There are four types of business structures which are sole trader, partnership, company and joint venture[3]. As per the Australian Securities Investments Commission there is a INFO 61 i.e. the information sheet which sets out different steps which are to be followed in order to form a company which are as follows: Deciding if the company structure which you thinking to establish is right for you or not. As there are certain legal obligations for the officers of the office. To make choice of what the name of the company will be. To decide the operation of the company. To get approval of the other person involved in formation of a company. Get your company registered. To know and acquire the Australian Company Number(ACN ) and Australian Business Number (ABN )[4]. Once a company is being registered, As per Corporations Act 2001, ASIC gives a unique 9 digit no. i.e. Australian Company Number( ACN) which msut be there on all the documents of the company in order to identify the company when doing transactions[5]. There are two types of companies under the corporation act, 2001 and they hae differences as stated below: Private company Have minimum atleast 1 member and maximum upto 50 whereas public company have minimum of 1 member and maximum no limit. Private company is not listed on stock exchanges whereas public company can be unlisted or listed. Private company can hold shares in listed companies whereas public company can own Pty Ltd companies. Private companies can make an offer of shares to existing shareholders or employees or subsidiary of companies whereas Public listed or unlisted companies can raise fund by way of prospectus. ASIC regulates private companies and public companies irrespective of their listing on stock exchange. If public companies are listed then they are regulated by ASIC and APRA but if unlisted then they are also be regulated by ASX. In private company, majority are registered as ASIC says that there were 2,223,022 private companies out of which 99% are registered whereas in Public Company majority are registered as ASIC says that there were 22,342 public companies of which 1% of all are registered companies[6]. Partnership Act Section 1 of the Act states that in order to form a partnership it should contain three elements that are: To carry a business Commonly To earn profit If anyone of the following elements are missing then partnership will not take place. Partnerships are non- registered but their business name must be registered if business partners decide not the do business in their own name. The liability of partners is unlimited. Agreements between the partners will protect their relationship with one another and will not put any impact on third party[7]. Whereas a Joint Venture is established between 2 or more person and organizations for completing a specific project by entering into a legally binding agreement which is enforced like a contract[8]. They may be incorporated or corporate. But are not recognized as separate legal entity. As Contract is a agreement which can be either verbal or written. Although, if a contract is written it will be relied and taken into consideration in a better manner and low risk involved as it is taken on paper and is not dependent upon the words spoken by other person. There may be a different and customized contract being created by the owner of a business with simple and legal language which is understood by other. There are many clauses which are to be included in a contract some of which are: Names, signatures and other business or the parties Mode of payments Confidential information Procedure for dispute settlement etc so it should be read carefully[9]. Also as per section 6 of the act, some rules are to be referred by a individual in order to get involved as a partner in a firm[10]. Duties and responsibilities have been covered under some rules which are set out in state based laws. They include a rule generally applicable that all the partners share profits and capital money of the business and contribute losses also in the same manner[11] Part III (Recommendations) Therefore it is highly recommended that as she was engaged in sole properitorship business which she was doing at home and now she wants to expand her business outside for which she wants to go for opening up of a company as she had less funds to invest and more to get in future. As companies are regulated by ASIC and this is how the rules are being implemented in the right manner to get the companies established by obtaining a no. which every company have its own. So it is upto the client what she wishes to obtain but there is an option which can be adopted either to go for partnership or Joint venture as less finances are there with you and you have to establish your business outside in market where already so many competitors are prevailing. So you can go for a partner who have the knowledge of the market and he will guide you and help you in a better manner as he knows the in and out. You should have a research over the market and see who can be a partner to your business But it is suggested that she can go for a partnership business so that her burden of work can be divided and more people are engaged in order to help her by which more people get connected to her business. A valid and enforceable contract should be done between the two on which both the parties are agreed and it is upto you that what all conditions you put and what al are accepted by the other party. So it is not compulsory that the said contract be done only. And the contract should be made in writing and within which the clauses can be mentioned carefully by taking into consideration the view points of both parties. References: (Corporation Act, 2001) AustLII, Commonwealth Consolidated Act, (n.d.), https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s1.5.3.html. Australian Capital Territory, Partnership Act, (1963), 2015sydney.edu.au/lec/subjects/associations/notes/Summer%202010-11/Topic%203%20-%20Partnership.doc partnership act in aus. Australian Government Business, Business structures and types, 2016https://www.business.gov.au/Info/Plan-and-Start/Start-your-business/Business-structure/Business-structures-and-types. Australian Government, What do I include in a contract?, (2016),https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/independent-contractors/understanding-contracts/what-do-i-include-in-a-contract. Australian Securities Investments Commission, Starting a company - How to start a company (27th July 2016) https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/how-to-start-a-company/. Governance Institute of Australia Governance Foundation, Difference between private and public company structure under Corporations Act, (n.d.)https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/839958/difference-between-private-and-public-company-structure-under-the-corporations-act_2015.pdf Not-For-Profit Law, Joint Ventures and Partnerships, (n.d.) https://www.nfplaw.org.au/partnerships. Studential Ltd, Why start a business (2016),https://www.studential.com/enterprise/business-start-ups/why-start-a-business. SWAAB, Business essentials, (2014) https://www.swaab.com.au/expertise/corporate/starting-up-a-business/. Taylor, N.F, How to Start a Business: A Step-by-Step Guide, Business News Daily Small Business Solutions inspiration(2016) https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4686-how-to-start-a-business.html.

Welfare Essays (824 words) - Federal Assistance In The United States

Welfare Welfare is a government program that provides money, medical care, food, housing, and other things that people need in order to survive. People who can receive help from these welfare programs are children, elders, disabled, and others who cannot support their families on their current income. Another name for welfare is public assistance. There are many organizations that supply this public assistance. Such as Salvation Army and other groups. Public assistance benefits help many people who live below the poverty line, an income level is established for families. If your income is below this you would be eligible to receive this help. Welfare in the United States Federal and state governments in the Unites States serve the poor people through about 60 public assistance programs. Most people receive help through one of the four major programs. These programs are Medicaid, Aid to families with dependant Children, Social Security, or Supplemental Security, or the food stamps program. I will discuss the four programs individually. Medicaid provides free medical care to the poor people. Funds vary from state to state. In some situations, people who may be able to pay daily needs, but can't afford large medical bills may also be able to receive Medicaid. Some services paid for are bills such as doctor's visits and nursing home care. Most Medicaid funding comes from the federal government. The rest is supplied by the state. Each state runs their own Medicaid program. A.F.D.C. provides cash benefits to dependent children and the parents or the guardians taking care of them. Most families that qualify for A.F.D.C. have just one parent in the home. About 80 percent of these families are headed by a woman. A.F.D.C. also pays benefits to two-parent families if both parents are unemployed. Most A.F.D.C. funding comes from the federal government. The states provide the rest of the money and administer the program. The sizes of families' payment vary from state to state. Next is Social Security Income. This provides financial Aid to people in need who are at least 65 years old, blind, or disabled. The federal government finances and administers social security income programs in most states, though some states supply the federal payment and are able to run their own programs. Finally, the Food Stamp Program helps low-income households buy more and better food than they could otherwise afford. Each participating household receives a certain number of coupons called food stamps. The stamps are issued by the federal government. The number of stamps a household receives varies with the family's size, income, and expenses. Cooperating grocery stores accept the stamps like money for food purchases only. There are other programs such as energy assistance and public housing. Energy assistance, which is federally financed but administered by the states, helps people pay fuel bills. Public housing provides low cost rental apartments in government owned buildings. State and local governments fund and administer their own general assistance programs. These programs provide financial aid for needy people who do not qualify for other types of welfare. People waiting to receive assistance from other programs also may get temporary emergency aid from general assistance. Back in the early days, welfare resembled the English system. Social governments were responsible for helping the poor. But the colonies and later the states, sometimes helped the local government provide aid. The first federal welfare program, began after the Revolutionary War, they provided pensions to war veterans. During the Civil War these pensions were expanded to cover soldiers' widows and orphans. In the early 1900's, primary responsibility for providing welfare benefits shifted from local to state governments. During these years, states enacted programs to aid dependent children and the elderly. The criticisms of welfare ranges over a number of social and economic issues. Some people criticize welfare programs for not providing high enough benefits to eliminate poverty. Spending on welfare would have to increase greatly to eliminate poverty, and many people believe the cost is already too high. Many critics of the welfare system charge that providing a steady income to needy people encourages idleness. Actually, most welfare benefits go to elderly, blind, and disabled people and mothers with young children. But welfare does discourage some recipients from working harder by reducing benefits if their income increases. Many people also criticize the welfare system for being too complex and costly to administer. Each program has its own eligibility requirements and ways of calculating benefits, and these rules vary from state to state. Public officials collect detailed information about applicants to determine their eligibility for benefits. This process is time-consuming and costly. Some people cheat the system by not reporting all the income they earn. But

Abortion Laws in America

Abortion Laws in America Free Online Research Papers The debate over the choice to have an abortion and the timeline used to say when in a pregnancy abortion should be allowed is one that has caused much societal divide. There are varying views that state from the moment of conception this being possesses a soul and thus should be considered human. There are also those who suggest that these beings are not actually human until they are completely formed or â€Å"whole†. A third group and the one that I choose to side with is that a woman has the right to their body and that they should have the ability to have an abortion in cases where they see fit or when it is deemed medically necessary. I believe that abortion should be up to each individual woman to decide if it best suits their individual needs. The problem with abortion is there are many that hold the opinion that abortion is never justified and in my opinion that is absurd. I believe that every woman should have the ability or at the least the possibility of her choice in aborting an unwanted child as she will be the one responsible for this creation not the law or even those in society that feel abortion is wrong. Therefore, she herself should dictate her choices and not others. This responsibility is not something that should be taken lightly as there are many needs of not only the mother but the fetus itself once it is born. The parent must be able to care nurture and provide for this individual for a very long time and the mother should be able to determine is she has the capabilities of doing do. When we look at life and the ability to be â€Å"human† we must view the mother as paramount and allow this life which is â€Å"whole† to be kept in its healthiest sense which is often not viewed by outside parties. If any of these circumstances were to present themselves by the pregnancy and birth of a child then in my opinion abortion should not only be justifiable but in some cases mandatory. The woman should have the utmost control over her body especially when negative consequences are at stake. Another area of inconsistency that would have to be considered here is that we all have certain constitutional rights and the freedom of choice gives each of us the power over our choices. These rights are not restricted to certain individuals nor should they be. In this way a woman should be given choices in her healthcare and personal well being and undergoing abortion would definitely qualify here. There are certain aspects of our constitutional freedoms that would be lost such as the right of choice if abortions were not able to be performed. There are also other times when a female would choose to have an abortion and I feel that should be her choice. This often occurs in young teenage girls and although I feel there are much safer methods of birth control than abortion young girls often do not have their own lives on track and thus should not be raising children of their own. Another instance where an abortion would be a critical decision is in the case of a rape or violent crime which ends up in a pregnancy as there are issues that can come from this that could dramatically impact the life of the pregnant woman. In this instance even the president of the United States agrees which was addressed in as saying that funding should not be used for abortions except in the case of a rape or violent crime or when the woman’s life is in danger (Annas, 2010). Finally and maybe most importantly would be when there is health issues of the unborn fetus as some of these issues could be extremely debilitating. There are va riations of issues to discuss when we look at a topic such as abortion that should these should be considered before anyone takes away a woman’s ability to choose abortion Anti-Thesis The opposition to the issue of abortion has a myriad of opinions as well starting from the basic notion that women do not use contraceptive devices because of the wide availability of abortions. This is one of those areas where the pro-lifers stick to firm ground because they believe that woman use abortion as a means to an end instead of careful planning and use of alternative methods of birth control or even abstinence in general. They also conclude that these other devices are safer and much more effective then the expectation of abortion as a preventative device. Another argument used by those strictly against abortion is that there should be a national referendum on the topic of abortion so that the people as a whole can decide. This comes from the way of the Westchester Coalition for Legal Abortions which states â€Å"since the majority rule is a democracy there should be a national referendum on abortion so that the people can decide† (3). This referendum would allow for the majority to decide on this sensitive issue and could possibly give more power to those who are of the anti-abortion stance. A national referendum could be used by anti-abortionists as a way to take control and give the power to the majority thus giving benefit to those who are against abortion. Those against adoption also take the stance that instead of abortion woman should choose to have their baby and offer it for adoption instead. This indeed is a viable alternative and the opposition does present many reasons for why abortion is the best suited plan of action when a child is not wanted at a particular time. Adoption they believe is the best alternative because it not only allows the baby to thrive and grow, but it allows the woman to continue on with her life as well. Unfortunately in recent times woman are now choosing abortion more frequently over adoption which is is verified by the following from The National Council for Adoption (2000) which argues that the reason the number of infants relinquished for adoption has been decreasing for the last 30 years is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ almost exclusive focus on abortion as the preferred option when an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy occurs† (p.557). Adoption can often be the best case scenario for those who are pregna nt but are not prepared to raise a child. The opposition for abortion also states that even legal abortions are not a very safe practice and can cause further implications in the future. They further that abortion is by no means a â€Å"quick fix† and complications in the future such as ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, subsequent infertility and miscarriage, future premature births and placenta previa which is 7-15 times more common among women who have had an abortion than among those who have not (Barrett, 1991). It is also important to note that an abortion is an invasive procedure and with any procedure of this type there are risks that Aare associated that could be extremely harmful for the woman. It is often said that the practice of abortion is not a very safe one; however, as time goes by pro-lifers are giving more profound means of justifying not only the safeness or risks associated with the procedure, but the complications that could arise during and after the procedure has occurred. Among the most important is that these individuals feel that the unborn baby even at a very early age is a human being and in this way stopping its existence is a crime. The pro- lifers feel that since the heart begins beating at about 25 days that these beings are as human as you and I. In addition the fact that all of the major organs are fully formed and working give those against abortion even more power in their fight to limit or terminate the rights of abortion. Lastly and maybe most prominent is that these little beings at the young age of about 8 weeks can perform such activities as sucking their thumbs, having the ability to be awake as well as have periods of sleep in the womb, and in a general sense begin to act like a regular baby. They further give proof of such evidence through the introduction and use of senate bill 158 â€Å"the human life† which states† physicians, biologists, and other scientists agree that conception marks the beginning of the life of a human being- a being that is alive and a member of the human species. There is overwhelming agreement on this point in countless, medical, biological, and scientific writings (US Senate Committee, 1981). The pro-life movement offers many reasons why a baby is as much a baby in the womb as it is when it reaches the outside world. Synthesis As we have seen above there are many that oppose this critical issue, but I would have to say there are equally as many arguments for a woman’s ability to choose abortion. I would first like to consider the oppositions stance that a national referendum is needed to allow for a better vote on a woman’s choice to have an abortion. Right from the start I have issue with this because through such a policy we are giving a group of people that know nothing about us as an individual the right to choose what is best for us. This policy would take away the individuals rights and allow others to determine what is in someone’s best interests. This would undermine women and make them feel they have no control in their health and well being which and can promote a feeling of helplessness. A national referendum is a policy that would be detrimental to women as it would take away the ability for each individual to determine what is best for that person. One important thing I mentioned above is a woman’s rights and that is where I would like to go next with my argument for abortion. When we look at rights or freedoms one of the things we frequently observe is the United States Constitution and under this Constitution we all have the freedom of choice. This is a wonderful freedom to have, but what happens when you are given a freedom and then told you can use it with certain exceptions. That is definitely the case here. Although we all have freedom of choice when abortion comes into play that freedom seems to be diminished or taken away. So why then are we said to have choice, but then when we try to act on our choices others views seem to triumph our choice. Furthermore, the Supreme Court itself based a woman’s rights to an abortion on the right of privacy, or the right of people to make choices about their personal and reproductive life without interference from outside parties (McDonagh, 1996). I personally thin k in a critical issue like this there are sensitive feelings that are evoked and people forget that the ability to choose abortion is something granted to us and although each should have their own opinion so should each have their own choice. The freedom of choice is one of those tricky things that others often overlook, but is imperative to consider when we view a topic such as abortion When speaking of abortion many often forget that there is another side to consider that is of the baby itself. We often here about what age or time after conception an embryo becomes viable, but what is not as frequently mentioned is the status and the underlying health concerns of the fetus. The opposition is quick to say that abortion can hurt the baby but I do not often hear them say what the feelings of the baby may be if they have lifelong handicaps or deformities. These deformities could be slight in nature or could carry serious detrimental effects on the fetus ending in an unacceptable quality of life. This is why there is currently variety of pregnancy related tests allowing for the parents to know any negative health conditions. If such a condition is to be found the woman should have the ability to speak for her child since the child cannot speak for itself. One very important aspect to consider when choosing abortion is whether or not the baby itself will have any h andicaps or disabilities. When speaking of abortion we must also take into consideration those who are young and immature such as the teenage girl. Now by no means am I saying that abortion should be a cop out for safe sex and sex education, but unfortunately girls are having sexual relations very early in today’s society which means a greater probability that some of them may become pregnant. There are also those teenagers that do the right thing but still end up pregnant. In a recent article by Katha Pollit (2006) she states: â€Å"The fact is there will never be zero abortions. Half of the women who abort are using birth control already- there are no perfect methods or perfect people† (9). This is an interesting stance because we do not often see an individual offering an opinion that would alleviate some of the guilt and bad representation that abortion often brings about. There are also other circumstances to have an abortion that could have serious consequences not only on the mother but on the child as well. This in mainly because at this early of an age many if not most are not mature enough to care for a baby which is why we see so many hiding their pregnancies or getting rid of the baby after birth. In addition there are not many teenage girls who have steady employment which means that unless getting help from their parents they will not be able to support a baby. There is however a glimmer of hope as statistics have shown the there are actually a drop to around forty percent of teenagers choosing abortion (Douglas Walbert. 1992). There are many reasons why woman especially teenage girls should at the least be given the option of abortion. Adoption can also be seen as an alternative for many women; however there are those that would prefer not to have to go through a nine month pregnancy and then have to give their child away. The opposition says that this is a best case scenario, but I would have to disagree on this point. First and foremost, a pregnancy is for some not an easy thing to go through. There is often varying levels of sickness and other complications that could arise. They say that abortion is risky but anyone that has a high risk pregnancy could possibly say that the risks of being pregnant are often just as unsafe as the risks of having an abortion. In addition, when choosing adoption the woman must carry this baby for nine months and then have to give it away. Even for those who may not have wanted the child in the beginning now being forced to have the baby and then give it away is very difficult. There are many aspects of the adoption process that must be considered before this option is chose n. References Annas, G. D. (2010). The Real Pro-Life Stance- Health Care Reform and Abortion Funding. The New England Journal of Medicine. 362(16), e56. Barrett, J. M. (1991). Induced Abortion: A Risk factor for Placenta Previa. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 113(6), 769. Douglas, B. J, Walbert, D. F. (1992). Abortion, Medicine, and the Law. 4th rev. ed. New York: Alpine Press. McDonagh, E. L. (1996). Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent. Oxford: National Council for Adoption (2000). Adoption Fact Book. National Adoption Fact Book, Washington, DC. Oxford UP. Pollit, K. (2006). ProChoice Puritans. The Nation. 282(6),9. Subcommittee on Separation to Senate Judiciary Committee S-158, 97th Congress, 1st Session, 1981. The Westchester Coalition for Abortion (2010). The Conservative Case for Abortion. choicematters.org/articles/legal-abortion. Research Papers on Abortion Laws in AmericaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenGenetic Engineering

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay Satire, Jonathan Swift, A M

Throughout the essay the narrator ironically focuses on the deep rooted political, moral and social problems of the society. The writer at one instance does not even feels pity on the poor and malnourished infants and points out ironically that these infants are no only way to get rid of the problems. His proposal that carries some of the most inappropriate and horrible social implication is vehemently defended by his arguments. Though he is presenting a proposal to end the woes and problems of the country but the manner and the condition that he has been mentioning throughout the essay seems to be very cruel and inhuman. He is very effectively defending the idea of his proposal and also asks the audience through his essay for a better and more effective idea. It simply states the narrators ironic character, who wants to change the situation and problems present in the country but his approach or the proposal that he has presented are not in any ways seems to be appropriate in a so ciety. At the end I would like to conclude mentioning that Swift’s approach to solve the miserable situation of Ireland was very cruel and inhuman

EH 1010-08H ENGLISH COMPOSITION I (EH1010-08H) Essay

EH 1010-08H ENGLISH COMPOSITION I (EH1010-08H) - Essay Example It should be noted that not only the patient or the victim of smoke is at a loss from his body deprivation point of view but also his chances of suffering an injury instantaneously are quite viable. As debated before, many kinds of ailments might creep up with the passage of time circumscribing diseases such as cancer, lung-related problems and throat malignancies to name a few. [Jacobson, 1997] Peer smoking has been found out as one of the mainstays in keeping up to the smoking habit. People who are discouraged to smoke find solace when they see their near and dear ones doing the same, thus allowing themselves just about any rationale to follow upon and continue with the smoking loom. Certain discussions have also been concluded on the fact that parents generally do not have any idea on how to combat smoking so that their wards can keep off this habit from themselves. [Chase, 1995] They (parents) find certain ways in which their young ones do not readily catch up on the already present bandwagon of adopting a cigarette to relieve their tensions and thus allowing just about every harmful drug into their body with

American Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

American Imperialism - Essay Example In 1866, the foreign policy of America dealt with expansion of America and also mentioned that no European power will become a hindrance in the path of development of a country according to the doctrine given by Monroe in 1823 (Dulles 1955). The expansion started in 1866 when the first American troops were sent to Mexico (Dulles 1955). American Imperialism was rationalized by referring to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. There were many other reasons due to which, American imperialism was justified. Due to the Spanish-American War, there was acquirement of the colonies related to foreign land (Dulles 1955). The agricultural and industrial growth of America increased to a great extent and got beyond the consumption needs of the country (Dulles 1955). There was a need of foreign markets for further economic growth and stability. Racial superiority was also a consideration of the time due to which, expansion took place (Dulles 1955). The major events that took place in nineteenth century in relation to American Imperialism were purchase of Alaska, the increase in economic stability of America, Spanish-American War, the victory of America, Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines came under the control of America, America appeared as a Manifest Destiny, California and the Oregon territory were taken under control by America and various islands in the Caribbean and Pacific ocean were annexed with America (Dulles 1955). Boxer rebellion Chinese Nationalists revolted against the foreign entrants and Christians but they were pushed back by American troops (Dulles 1955). Panama canal was also constructed by Americans during the imperialistic era. The countries that got involved in the imperialist policy of America were either taken over by America or were those who fought with America or backed the country. Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, Spain, Denmark, Russia and many others (Dulles 1955). The policy of

Dance - Girl Essay Example for Free

Dance Girl Essay Dance, Girl, Dance is a film from the Classical Hollywood period that presents a complicated reading when viewed through a feminist lens. The 1940 film was directed by Dorothy Arzner, one of the most notable female directors and the only prominent woman in Hollywood at that time. Arzner presents her audience with an array of female characters, the main characters being Judy O’brien and Bubbles/Tiger Lily White. Judy is a dedicated dancer, honing her talents as a ballerina. Bubbles, on the other hand, uses her looks and sexuality to land jobs as a burlesque dancer. Dance, Girl, Dance reveals these characters’ experience in a dance troupe with several other girls. When the troupe disbands, Bubbles comes to offer Judy a humiliating job as her stooge. As tensions rise, the two eventually come to blows, quite literally, when both fall for the same man, Jimmy Harris. Through their relationship with each other and with men, a dynamic is defined that gives insight into the power of the male gaze and sexual politics, not only in the film but also in society at large in the context of 1930s America. This can be seen in the analysis of a particular scene near the beginning of the film. Judy and one of her roommates, Sally, are preparing for bed after their performance at the nightclub in the opening scene. Bubbles, their third roommate, arrives at home after a disappointing outing with Jimmy. This scene specifically highlights the contrast between the personalities of Judy and Bubbles, and speaks to the many ways female characters are coded based on their sexuality and appearance. The analysis of the scene begins at the moment Bubbles enters the room. She comes into the frame through the doorway in a medium shot. It is important to note her costume, as it speaks to her character. She is wearing makeup, jewelry, a fox fur stole around her shoulders and a feathered hat. One may get the impression that she is trying to look as glamorous or ostentatious as possible on her limited budget. At this point, Bubbles has already been partly established as a brash woman who does not shy away from her ability to attract men. This can be contrasted with Judy’s costume during this scene, modest button-up pajamas. The scene continues as Bubbles enters the tiny apartment. She turns on the light, when Judy whispers that Sally is asleep from off camera. Bubbles leaves the light on, looks down at Sally in the bed, and proceeds to loudly close the door while muttering â€Å"So, what? † As she delivers her dialogue, the camera follows her as she walks to her bed, panning over to include Judy in a two shot. One key element in this simple interaction is the difference of attitude toward female solidarity between Bubbles and Judy. Judy obviously cares to not disturb Sally, while Bubbles seems disappointed and only concerned with her own problems at this point. Then, the camera cuts to a close shot of Sally lying in bed, smiling and clearly awake. She then closes her eyes and continues to try and sleep, rendering her unimportant to the rest of the scene. The next cut brings us back to a long, two shot of Bubbles and Judy as they discuss what happened to Bubbles that evening. Bubbles is explaining how she had gone out with Jimmy, but he suddenly left her at the bar after giving her a little stuffed bull. In this shot, Bubbles is in the foreground, a little closer to the camera than Judy, making her appear slightly larger. This could be interpreted as signifying her social dominance over Judy, and the fact that she â€Å"stole† Jimmy from Judy earlier that evening. Bubbles dismissively tosses the bull onto a chair in front of Judy. Judy picks it up, stating â€Å"It’s cute. † Bubbles tells her that she can have it. The audience is clearly meant to get the impression that the token of the night has no significance to Bubbles, and she is merely disappointed that she could not add Jimmy to her list of men to dote on her occasionally. The camera stays stationary as Bubble walks to the background of the shot and sits on her bed. Judy gently places the bull back on the chair, already showing signs of her eventual fetishization of the bull and Jimmy. Then, she continues to bend and stretch her legs, as Bubbles pouts behind her. It is interesting to point out that as Judy resumes her exercises, she has gained the â€Å"high ground† of the shot. The reminder of her status as a dancer, a more artful and talented dancer than Bubbles, means she is the larger, more significant character in the frame now. The focus has moved from Bubbles proficiency as a female spectacle, completely at home under the male gaze, to Judy’s proficiency as a ballerina, with no real concern for superficial male attention. Then, this is reinforced when there is a cut to a medium shot of Bubbles, looking at Judy. The camera follows Bubbles line of sight and there is a quick cut to a medium shot of Judy, then it reverses back to the shot of Bubbles on her bed, shaking her head. She says, â€Å"I’ll say one thing for you, Pavlova. You’ve certainly got ambition, even if it’s dumb. † As she says this, Judy’s foot briefly enters from the side of the frame as she kicks her leg. Once again, Bubbles is coded as having no passion for her craft as a dancer, seeing it as a means to an end of attracting men and/or making money, while Judy genuinely loves to dance. One way of reading the film is through the suggestion that Judy’s ballet is high art, while Bubbles’ burlesque is low art. In the world of the Dance, Girl, Dance, women utilizing their sexuality for physical and financial gratification given by men is deemed less valuable than artistic expression. What follows is a short series of counter shots between the two, as Bubbles ponders how she will get back to New York, going through her list of male suitors to find a solution to her dilemma. On a surface level, this shows that Bubbles needs men to get where she is going, whether it is for a trip to New York or a trip to stardom as they buy tickets to her shows later in the film. The scene comes to a close as Bubbles decides on Sam, the traveling salesman that is â€Å"sweet on her. † As this line is delivered, there is a quick cut to Judy whipping her head around to look back at Bubbles. Judy has an expression on her face that is hard to describe, but it gets across the fact that her reality is very different from that of Bubbles’. Judy goes on to ask if there will be room for Sally, as the camera tracks Bubbles while she walks to the bathroom. As the camera stops tracking, it stops in a medium shot of Bubbles as she eventually replies, â€Å"†¦ All right, she can go, but don’t blame me. That guy’s got more arms than an octopus. † There is a cut to a close shot of Sally in bed with a wide-eyed, nervous expression as she quickly lifts up her head and plops back down. Like Judy, her reality is very different from the reality of the dynamic Bubbles, and the possibility of encountering a man from that reality seems to frighten her. After the last cut of the scene, it ends on a medium shot of Judy picking up the stuffed bull once again and smiling at it fondly. This emphasizes the fact Judy is not asexual and clearly is developing feelings for Jimmy. Although, Judy seems to have a more deep, emotional connection to Jimmy than Bubbles has for her various men. Judy only became interested in Jimmy after he helped the girls at the nightclub and talked with her earlier in the film. Her interest is not based solely on what he can provide to her. The differences in costume, behavior and motivation between Bubbles and Judy are relevant to a larger scope of the film involving sex and gender politics. For all of the above reasons found in the formal elements of the film’s visual and narrative composition, Bubbles is coded as superficial, purely physical and vapid. On the other hand, Judy is given much more value and depth. While Bubbles goes on to find success by exploiting her good looks, Judy is the winner in the end, when she lands her position in the ballet company and achieves her dreams. In this way, the film is sending a message that female self-worth is not derived from male approval or reaffirming of beauty, but from accomplishment of what are considered to be more substantial goals.

Leonardos Laptop :: essays research papers

Ben Shneiderman, in Leonardo’s Laptop, introduces the idea of new education, which uses technology for active learning and collaborative teaching methods. In this new education, a part of the new computing, Shneiderman envisions an educational online web tool, which he calls LEON. This method of e-learning would provide a student oriented view of what is on the web. Students could gather information and acquire resources. It would allow students to recognize truth and useful information. LEON would allow for students to work in collaborative teams. Students and teachers will be able to work together and post the outcomes of the collaborations. It would allow for student participation, whether one on one or groups. E-learning would produce results that are meaningful to someone outside the classroom. An archive would be provided for students and teachers everywhere. These explain the idea’s for Shneiderman’s LEON in the new education, a part of the new computing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I agree with all parts of LEON. It would be an interest catching educational tool; Shneiderman proposes graphics and sound to captivate the student. As a creative outlet it would be ideal for students to explore everything technology has to offer while learning. A tool to gather information and acquire resources, I believe I agree that it would be useful for students to learn how to use the web to gather useful information. At the same time they would learn to avoid dangers and false information. I think that it would be great as a tool to work in collaborative groups. Here students would be able to share ideas and allow large amounts of people to work together. I agree that LEON would help to develop ambitious projects by students. By using LEON students know that others will be seeing their work, and this makes them polish them to perfection. Other students would be able to put their input in as well.

“Anti-hierarchy” environment in an organization Essay

Do you think it’s possible for an organization to deliberately create an â€Å"anti-hierarchy† to encourage employees to engage in acts of creative deviance? What steps might a company take to encourage creative deviance? I think is it very hard to deliberately create an â€Å"anti-hierarchy† environment in an organization, but it is not impossible. The first step is to ensure that the organization’s culture supports and encourages creative deviance. This, in and of itself, is a challenge. Every organization leadership understands that unity of command and chain of command is highly important to achieve set performance goals. This dilemma creates a fine line between the phenomenon of â€Å"creative deviance† and simple disregard to â€Å"acceptance theory of authority†. The lines get blurred and confusion sets in different organizational units without proper management and direction of any creative thinking. Another way to encourage creative deviance is create a contemporary organizational design that inspires it. Team structure, boundaryless structure, matrix-project structure, and learning structure can promote the idea of â€Å"thinking outside the box† and innovate where innovation is not really expected. Such environments are highly flexible and responsive and strive best in less mechanistic and more organic organizations. It is that sharing of the knowledge throughout the organization that creates sustainable source of competitive advantage. What are the drawbacks of an approach that encourages creative deviance? Creative deviance is great when it â€Å"strikes gold† and brings the company much needed competitive advantage and high revenues. 3M is the great example of that with all of its innovative products. But what if those â€Å"stars† and â€Å"question marks† from BCG Matrix never become more than just that Then the employees have wasted valuable company resources deviating into something completely not profitable. Creative deviance is also very hard to manage or police. Once one employee starts going is own way doing something he/she believes is beneficial for the company, who is to say that another employee is not allowed to do the same? Lack of control and communication difficulties will quickly bring down the hierarchy and order in any organization. Why do you think a company like Apple is able to be creative with a strongly hierarchical structure, while other companies find hierarchy limiting? I believe Apple with its creativity in a strong hierarchical structure is more of an exception than the rule. Steve Jobs did an outstanding job leading the  company into creating the most ground breaking technologies of the time while holding Apple in iron-grip control. He had an amazing ability to balance creativity and innovation with complete control. Very few organizations can boast the same. Once again, the proof is in the management’s vision of the degree in which â€Å"self-governing† works or does not. The secret sauce is in the ability of the leader of the company being able to set the vision and the direction of the organization in such a way that hierarchy is stimulating innovation. Apple definitel y represents the omnipotent view of a manager. Apple understands that innovation sustains its competitive edge. They dedicate resources within a highly structured environment that focus just on groundbreaking technologies. These engineers are not being pulled different directions because management understands the stake of these creative minds being focused on tasks at hand. Other companies find hierarchy limiting because they are trying more organic approach that they believe will foster creativity when, in fact, it just blurs the lines and creates more complexity in assigning people to projects. Additionally, democracy is important to an extent, even in a highly structured environment. Creative people should have a say so in the direction of the projects even if it affects timelines. But when it comes to managing and synchronizing work of many employees across different time zones while keeping up with ever changing landscape in competitive outside market environment, most companies sink low faced with such challenge. â€Å"Democratic† innovation is messy, time consuming, and difficul t to manage. For this reason, many companies like Apple have created controlled environments in which innovation can occur (2). Sources: 1. Robbins, Stephen P., and Mary K. Coulter. Management. 12th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. Print. 2. Sam Ladner. When Can Innovation and Hierarchy Co-Exist? January 6, 2010. Michael Lopp, senior engineering manager at Apple, described design process in place. He admits that all initial mockups of â€Å"crazy† creative ideas take a huge amount of time upfront to develop. But management understand that it is worth it because it removed all ambiguity in the beginning without costing enormous amount of resources to correct mistakes at the end of the process. Apple also religiously used â€Å"10 to 3 to 1† rule. 10 completely different mockups are designed independently for any new feature of the product, not 7 â€Å"fluffy† ones to make the other 3 â€Å"real† ones look better as it is done in some other companies. 10 strong ideas get narrowed down to 3 following with months of additional work to finally arrive at 1 best design. All design meetings are done in two pairs. Every week, the teams get together for the first meeting to â€Å"brainstorm† with no boundaries and to design â€Å"freely†. Then, they hold a production meeting with entirely different purpose of bringing designers and engineers together to nail down all the â€Å"crazy† ideas to how it might actually work in production. From the few above examples, we clearly see that Apple’s has â€Å"logic† in all of its â€Å"madness†. This is what separates it from some many other IT companies that are a long gone history. The above hierarchical process-driven examples show that Apple reserves the option for creative thought even at the very la test stage of the game which proves that creativity can strive in highly structured environment. It is up to the genius of the management to apply the same concept to their organization.

Building and Managing Systems Essay

JetBlue and WestJet: A Tale of Two IS Projects The time had come for both JetBlue and WestJet to upgrade their reservation systems. Each carrier had started out using a system designed for smaller start-up airlines, and both needed more processing power to deal with a far greater volume of customers. They also needed features like the ability to link prices and seat inventories to other airlines with whom they cooperated. Both JetBlue and WestJet contracted with Sabre Holdings, one of the most widely used airline IT providers, to upgrade their airline reservation systems, The difference between WestJet and JetBlue’s implementation of Sabre’s SabreSonic CSS reservation system illustrates the dangers inherent in any large-scale IT overhaul. It also serves as yet another reminder of how successfully planning for and implementing new technology is just as valuable as the technology itself. Sabre’s newest system, SabreSonic CSS, performs a broad array of services for any airline. It sells seats, collects payments, allows customers to shop for flights on the airline’s Web site, and provides an interface for communication with reservation agents. Customers can  use it to access airport kiosks, select specific seats, check their bags, board, rebook, and receive refunds for flight cancellations. All of the data generated by these transactions are stored centrally within the system. JetBlue selected SabreSonic CSS over its legacy system developed by Sabre rival Navitaire, and WestJet was upgrading from an older Sabre reservation sy stem of its own. The first of the two airlines to implement SabreSonic CSS was WestJet. When WestJet went live with the new system in October 2009, customers struggled to place reservations, and the WestJet Web site crashed repeatedly. WestJet’s call centers were also overwhelmed, and customers experienced slowdowns at airports. For a company that built its business on the strength of good customer service, this was a nightmare. How did WestJet allow this to happen? The critical issue was the transfer of WestJet’s 840,000 files containing data on transactions for past WestJet customers who had already purchased flights, from WestJet’s old reservation system servers in Calgary to Sabre servers in Oklahoma. The migration required WestJet agents to go through complex steps to process the data. WestJet had not anticipated the transfer time  required to move the files and failed to reduce its passenger loads on flights operating immediately after the changeover. Hundreds of thousands of bookings for future flights that were made before the changeover were Essentials of Management Information Systems, Tenth Edition, by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 1-269-41688-X In recent years, the airline industry has seen several low-cost, high-efficiency carriers rise to prominence using a recipe of extremely competitive fares and outstanding customer service. Two examples of this business model in action are JetBlue and WestJet. Both companies were founded within the past two decades and have quickly grown into industry powerhouses. But when these companies need to make sweeping IT upgrades, their relationships with customers and their brands can be tarnished if things go awry. In 2009, both airlines upgraded their airline reservation systems, and one of the two learned this lesson the hard way. JetBlue was incorporated in 1998 and founded in 1999 by David Neeleman. The company is headquartered in Queens, New York and flies to 63 destinations in 21  states and eleven countries in the Caribbean, South America and Latin America. JetBlue’s goal has been to provide low-cost travel along with unique amenities like TV in every seat, and its heavy reliance on information technology throughout the business was a critical factor in achieving that goal. JetBlue met with early success and continued to grow at a rapid pace, consistently rank ing at the top of customer satisfaction surveys for U. S. airlines. Headquartered in Calgary, Canada, WestJet was founded by a group of airline industry veterans in 1996, including Neeleman, who left to start JetBlue shortly thereafter. The company began with approximately 40 employees and three aircraft. Today, the company has 7,800 employees and operates 420 flights per day to 71 destinations in Canada, the United States, the Caribbean, and Mexico. Earlier in this decade, WestJet underwent rapid expansion spurred by its early success and began adding more Canadian destinations and then U. S. cities for its flights. By 2010, WestJet held nearly 40 percent of the Canadian airline market, with Air Canada dropping to 55 percent. JetBlue is slightly bigger, with 167 aircraft in use compared to WestJet’s 88, but both have used the same  low-cost, good-service formula that brought profitability in the notoriously treacherous airline marketplace. The rapid growth of each airline rendered their existing information systems obsolete, including their airline reservation systems. Upgrading reservations systems carries special risks. From a customer perspective, only one of two things can happen: Either th e airline successfully completes its overhaul and the customer notices no difference in the ability to book flights, or the implementation is botched, angering customers and damaging the airline’s brand. Chapter 11: Building Information Systems and Managing Projects handle these problems. JetBlue ended up using its backup site several times. JetBlue had the advantage of seeing WestJet begin its implementation months before, so it was able to avoid many of the pitfalls that WestJet endured. But JetBlue had also experienced similar customer service debacles in the past. In February 2007, JetBlue tried to operate flights during a blizzard when all other major airlines had already canceled their flights. This turned out to be a poor decision, as the weather conditions prevented the  flights from taking off and passengers were stranded for as long as ten hours. JetBlue had to continue canceling flights for days afterwards, reaching a total of 1,100 flights canceled and a loss of $30 million. JetBlue management realized in the wake of the crisis that the airline’s IT infrastructure, although sufficient to deal with normal day-to-day conditions, was not robust enough to handle a cr isis of this magnitude. This experience, coupled with the observation of WestJet’s struggles when implementing its new system, motivated JetBlue’s cautious approach to its own IT implementation. Sabre had to adjust the flights using the new system. This delay provoked a deluge of customer dissatisfaction, a rarity for WestJet. In addition to the increase in customer complaint calls, customers also took to the Internet to express their displeasure. Angry flyers expressed outrage on Facebook and flooded WestJet’s site, causing the repeated crashes. WestJet quickly offered an apology to customers on its site once it came back up, explaining why the errors had occurred. WestJet employees had trained with the new system for acombined 150,000 hours prior to the upgrade, but WestJet spokesman Robert Palmer explained that the company â€Å"encounter(ed) some problems in the live environment that simply did not appear in the test environment,† foremost among them the issues surrounding the massive file transfer. WestJet’s latest earnings reports show that the company weathered the storm successfully, remained profitable, and ranks just below JetBlue and Southwest in airline customer satisfaction. Neverthless, the incident forced the airline to slow down its rollout of a frequent flyer program, as well as code-sharing planswith other airlines, such as American Airlines and Cathay Pacific. These plans allow one airline to sell flights under its own name on aircraft operated by other airlines. In contrast, JetBlue learned from WestJet’s mistakes, and built a backup Web site to prepare for the worst case scenario. The company also hired 500 temporary call center workers to manage potential spikes in customer service calls. WestJet also ended up hiring temporary offshore call center workers, but only after the problem had gotten out of hand. JetBlue made sure to switch its files over to Sabre’s servers on a Friday night, because Saturday flight traffic is typically very low. JetBlue also sold smaller numbers of seats on the flights that did take off that day. JetBlue experienced a few glitches—call wait times increased and not all airport kiosks and ticket printers came online right away. In addition, JetBlue needs to add some booking functions. But compared to what WestJet endured, the company was extremely well prepared to 403 Essentials of Management Information Systems, Tenth Edition, by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.

For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions

For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions By Maeve Maddox pleonasm: The use of more words in a sentence or clause than are necessary to express the meaning Pleonastic expressions are common in conversation. We all use turns of phrase in which we repeat ourselves: â€Å"the books were few in number,† â€Å"We made advance dinner reservations,† â€Å"I know with positive certainty.† few: adjective. amounting to a small number. reservation: noun. an act of engaging a seat, room, place, ticket, vehicle, etc., in advance; positive: adjective. expressed without qualification; certain. In casual conversation, speakers may be forgiven these verbal tics, but advertisers and journalists can be expected to aim to minimize redundancy in their copy. Here are some examples from the web: Twenty-One Cool Products And Services You Can Get For Free â€Å"An unexpected surprise† (very popular headline for hotel reviews) The Borden twist is that Borden and Fallon are a pair of identical twins who take turns as each persona. Las Vegas has its share of annoying pests. Future prospects remain bright for agricultural graduates Do you want to give your child everything he needs to succeed as a baseball player? Good! Teach them the basic fundamentals when they are small. What is the current consensus of opinion concerning the relationship of REM sleep to emotional stability? Poorer soils are usually paler brown in color the green color shows a few raindrops, but the red color indicates very intense rain. County Schools Report Card Scores Show Good Improvement for free: If something is â€Å"free,† it is â€Å"given out of generosity and not in return for something else.† The formation â€Å"for free† has probably developed by analogy with â€Å"for nothing,† One can get â€Å"something for nothing,† A â€Å"free gift† is also pleonastic; the most common meaning of gift is â€Å"something given without charge,† i.e., â€Å"free.† It is enough for advertisers to announce that something is available free: â€Å"Buy a computer and get a printer free.† unexpected surprise: a surprise is an unexpected occurrence or event. pair of identical twins: Two children or young brought forth at one birth are twins. A pair is â€Å"a couple; a set of two.† It’s enough to say that the men are â€Å"identical twins.† annoying pests: In the figurative sense, a pest is â€Å"an annoying person or thing.† future prospects: The word prospects in this context refers to future occasions or events. basic fundamental: Fundamental means â€Å"serving as the foundation or base on which something is built.† The adjective basic means â€Å"Of, pertaining to, or forming a base; fundamental.† consensus of opinion: The word consensus is enough. It means â€Å"Agreement in opinion.† brown in color, green color, red color: A color is a hue or tint. Brown, green, and red are colors. It is rarely necessary to say so when describing a weather map or other depiction in color. It’s enough to say, â€Å"The red indicates intense rain.† good improvement: The word improvement includes the idea of â€Å"good.† There’s no such thing as â€Å"bad improvement.† The word can be modified in terms of degree. For example, â€Å"slight improvement,† and â€Å"minor improvement.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingMood vs. Tense

Passage to Modernity Dupre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Passage to Modernity Dupre - Essay Example At the early stages of modernity, artists still viewed themselves as creating in unison with nature; â€Å"mind and nature relate harmoniously to one another† (p. 49). Moreover, nature’s perception began to change. Galileo expressed the idea of natural form in mathematical terms, â€Å"loosening the union between physical essence and artistic ideal† (p.51). He found a systematic study of nature, rather than depending on direct observation. This notion of rational knowledge of the world become central to the transformation from medieval age to modernity. In the emergence of modernity, chemistry played an important role towards the scientific revolution. Alchemy is frequently forgotten when we talk about the breakthroughs of science that changed our perception of the world. Alchemists believed in the harmony between the individual and the cosmos. â€Å"at the basis of the alchemical enterprise is the concept of a microcosmos perfectly tuned to the macrocosmos of nature†. The notion that we are should interfere with natural processes in order to achieve harmony transforms the perception of nature. â€Å"rather than serving as nature’s assistant, the person now becomes its controller.† (p.54). There was a thorough rejection to the idea that the stars controlled man, that we were passively submitting to matter. Nevertheless, the interest in astrology was not completely eliminated; but as it happened with alchemy, they became less appealing at the face of new physical theories that rationally explained the universe.

Frederick Taylors Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Frederick Taylors Scientific Management - Essay Example Because of this work, Taylor gains the reputation of being the father of scientific management. Scientific management methods, as put forward by Taylor, "called for optimizing the way tasks were performed and simplifying the jobs enough so that workers could be trained to perform their specialized sequenced of motions in one best way" (Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management 1). The formulation of scientific management is Taylor's response to the working conditions during his time. It should be noted that prior to scientific management, the various works in the factory are solely performed by skilled craftsmen who have acquired their knowledge and skills through long and tedious apprenticeships. Having no particular specifications from the management on how jobs should be performed, workers during the period are given much autonomy, giving them the sole discretion on how their jobs should be performed. Thinking that their apprenticeship has been adequate in shaping and preparing for the jobs required, management are often left with other decision making tasks. However, scientific management changed this situation in the workplace by "taking away much of this autonomy and converting skilled crafts into a series of simplified jobs that could be performed by unskilled workers who easily could be trained for the tasks" (Frederick Taylor and Scientific Managemen t 2). Taylor, through his time and motion studies formulated the most scientifically efficient in doing performing a single task which do not only lessen the workload for each employee but also shorten the time that the task is performed. The main contribution of Taylor in the field of management can be delineated within the bounds of management service practice and organisational management. The main premise of Taylor in the concepts which he put forward is the utilisation of scientific principles in every situation including the solution of problems in business organisations (Frederick Winslow Taylor 2). Through his exposure on steel workers, Taylor has observed what he calls soldiering which he explains as "underworking, that is, deliberately working slowly so as to avoid a full day's work" (Taylor 6). He observes that the current situation facilitates this inefficiency of workers. According to him, there are three primary reasons which causes soldiering: first, the universal belief that if workers become productive, less workers will be needed causing elimination or termination; second, the non-incentive wage system which encourage workers to work at a slow pace considering that they will be paid the same wage regardless of the amount of work that they finish; and third, the reliance on rule of the thumb measures and the absence of optimal work methods in order to enhance efficiency (Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management 4). With this, Taylor lays down the four principles which become the foundations of scientific management. Scientific management calls for the replacement of the rule of the thumb work methods with systems derived from scientific studies (Frederick Taylor